Hot-water heating system.



A. G. STAPEL.

HOT WATER HEATING SYSTEM. APPLICATION FILED JULY 13, 1 912. 1,094,757.Patented Apr. 28, 1914.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

Witneses lm rr Attorneys A. G. STAPEL.

HOT WATER HEATING SYSTEM.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 13, 1912.

Patented Apr. 28, 1914.

2 SHEETSSHEET 2 llll Witnesses Attorneys t UNTTED TATES PAENT QFFLQEQADOLTE G. STAPEL, 013 MONTGOIEIEEY, ALABAMA.

HOT-WATER HEATING SYSTEM.

reenter.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, Anonr G. Srarnn, acitizen of the United States, residing at Montgomery, in the county ofMontgomery and State of Alabama, have invented a new and useful HotaterHeating System, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to hot water heating systems.

Hotwater heating systems have in the past been known either as one pipeor two pipe systems, and while a strictly one pipe system of hot waterheating is impossible, since the radiators must always have twoconnections, or else there would be no circulation whatever, or at leasta very sluggish movement of the water, it has been found in practicethat a so-called one pipe main will give good results on account of thecirculation being positive and the water being carried through theentire main at about a uniform velocity.

In a hot water heating system with a one pipe main, all the radiatorsare supplied from the top of the main and the return pipes from theradiators are connected into the side of the main. While thisarrangement, as stated above, has given good results, it has thedisadvantage of mixing the cooler return water from the radiators withthe hot water coming from the boiler, and therefore itis alwaysnecessary with a one pipe main to make the same very large, or else thelast radiators on the circuit will receive water of considerably reducedtemperature.

lVith the two pipe system of hot water heating, the supply water is keptentirely separated from the return water, but as is well known frompractical demonstrations, the velocity in the mains of a two pipe systemvaries considerably and frequently the radiators at the end of the mainsare only having a very sluggish circulation, due to the short circuitswhich are produced through the radiators nearest the boiler.

From the foregoing considerations, it will be seen that both the onepipe and the two pipe systems are more or less defective and uncertainas to uniform results, especially when hot water has to be conducted toradiators at a great distance.

The object of the present invention is to eliminate the disadvantages ofbot-h the one and the two pipe systems, and to a great extent to combinethe advantages of both.

vin the accompanying drawing, forming Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed July 13, 1912.

Patented Apr. 28, 1914:.

Serial No. 709,250.

part of this specification, Figure l is a perspective view of a hotwater heating system arranged in accordance with the present invention;Fig. 2 is a vertical section through three floors of a house equippedwith the system; and Fig. 3 is a diagrammatic view showing a slightmodification of the system.

Like reference numerals indicate corresponding parts throughout theseveral figures of the drawings.

The reference numeral 1 indicates the boiler which may be of anysuitable form and construction. Extending upward from the boiler l isariser 2 which leads into the lower end of an accelerator 3. Theaccelerator 8 may be of the type illustrated in United States Patent No.980,360, granted to me January 3, 1911, or of any other suitable type.Leading from the accelerator 3 is a riser i which extends prefer ably toa high water level in the system. The riser 4L connects with ahorizontal pipe 5 above which is mounted the expansion tank 6. The tank6 is connected with the pipe 5 by the pipes 7 and 8. The water level ofthe system is located just above the lowest portion of the expansiontank Extending downward from the horizontal pipe 5 is a flow pipe 9. Theflow pipe 9 connects with a horizontal flow pipe 10 which extends aroundthe lower floor of the house, preferably at a uniform level. Locatedbelow the flow pipe 10 is a return pipe 11. The re turn pipe 11 isconnected at 12, as best indicated in Fig. 3, with the lower portion ofthe flow pipe 10 at a point in advance of the foremost radiator A or itsfeed pipe. The radiator A is fed with hot water from the fiow pipe 10 bya feed pipe 1 which extends into the upper end of the radiator as shownin Fig. 3. The cold water from the radiator A. passes through an exitpipe into the return pipe 11. The radiator B which is indicated in Fig.3 as being located on the second story of the building, is likewise fedfrom the flow pipe 10 through a pipe 14c, the cooler water from theradiator passing through the pipe 15 to the return pipe 11. In advanceof each feed pipe of the radiators A, B, and so on throughout theseries, the lower portion of the flow pipe 10 is connected with thereturn pipe 11 by means of a cross-over pipe 16.

At a point beyond the last radiator the flow pipe 10 extends downward asindicated at 17 and connects with the return pipe 11.

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The return pipe 11 is then extended, as indi- (rated at 18, back towardthe boiler, after which it is carried 'lu ward in a vertical direction,as indicated at 19, and then in a horizontal direction, as indicated at20, and then dowuwardly, as indicated at ill, to the bottom ot' theboiler 1.. The upper portion Lil) oi? the return pipe is connected by apipe 22 with the top of the expansion tank (3, so that any vapor whichmay accumulate in the city insion tank will be fed into and absorbed bythe cooler water in the return pipes 19, and 21.

h" the loregoing description, it will be hat the llow and return pipesparallel each other around the lower floor of the building, the returnpipe being in a lower water level than the ilow pipe, said return pipeand flow pipe being connected with each other at points on oppositesides of the radiator Zone, and that each radiator has a feed pipeconnected with the main flow pipe and an exit pipe connected with thereturn pipe.

Constructed as described, the operation of the system is as "follows:The water in the boiler 1 preferably is heated above the steam formationpoint and passes upward through the accelerator 3, where it is convertedinto an emulsion of team and water. This hot water passes upward throughthe pipes at and 5 and downward through the pipe 9 to the horizontalflow pipe 10. The flow pipe 10 contains hot water and this hot miterremains in said fiow pipe 10 througln out its entire length, by reasonof the fact that said flow pipe 10 is in a higher water love than thereturn pipe 11. The hot water in the How pipe 10 passes through thevarious feed pipes i i to the upper ends of the radiators no matter onwhat floor the radiators may be located. [l he cooler water from theradiators passes through the exit pipes to the return pipe 11 and by sonof the lower water level of said return pipe 11 the cooler water remainsin said re turn pipe and does not mix with the hot water in the liowpipe 10. in the event that all of the radiators are cut oil, thecross-over pipes 16 still. permit a normal circulation in the stern.These cross-over pipes 16 perinit any water of a relatively lowteniperature in the tlo pipe 10 to settle into the return pipe 11without having to pass throughout the entire length of said flow pipe 10antil it reaches the pipe 1?, as will be readily understood. The waterin the return pipe 18 passes upward through the pipe and downwardthrough the pipe 20 to the boiler. Any steam or vapor which mayaccumulate in the expansion tank (3 passes through the branch pipe 22and is ab orbed condensed by the cool water in the pipe 2 0.

Particular attention is directed to the fact that the How pipe which isconnected to and extends from the boiler, is connected first with one ofthe radiators and is then connected successively with each 01'. theother radiators, while the return pipe, which is connected to andextends from the boiler, is connected first with that radiator to whichthe How pipe is connected with last, and the return pipe is thenconnected with the successive radiators to the first mentioned radiator.It is also to be noted that those portions of the flow and return pipeswhich are connected to the radiators, are arranged at a lower level thanthe radiators, the said portion of the return pipe being disposed at alower level than the said portion of the How pipe, and cross-overconnections being provided between the bottom of the said portion of theflow pipe and the said portion of the return pipe in advance of theradiator connections. Thus, the hot water will be supplied withpractical uniformity to the several radiators, without the liability ofshort circuiting any of the radiators, it being noted that the flow ofthe water in those portions of the flow and return pipes which areconnected to the radiators, is in the same direction.

In the modified form of invention shown in Fig. 3, the return pipe 18 isextended downward as indicated at 19' to the lower end of the boiler.

What is claimed as new is:

1. In a. hot water heating system, a boiler, radiators, a flow pipeconnected to and extending from the boiler and connected first with oneradiator and thence successively with each of the other radiators, areturn pipe connected to and extending from the boiler and connectedfirst with that radiator to which the flow pipe is connected with last,the return pipe then being connected with the successive radiators tothe first mentioned radiator, that portion of the return pipe which isconnected to the radiators being disposed at a lower level than thecorresponding portion of the flow pipe, the said portions of the flowand return pipes being arranged at a low-er level than the radiators,and cross-over connections between the bottom of the said portion of theflow pipe and the said portion of the return pipe in advance of theradiator connections.

9. in a hot water heating system, a boiler, radiators, a flow pipeconnected to and extending from the boiler and connected first with oneradiator and thence successively with each of the other radiators, areturn pig-e connected to and extending from the boiler and connectedfirst with that radiator to which. the flow pipe is connected with last,the return pipe then being connected with the successive radiators tothe first mentioned radiator, that portion of the return pipe which isconnected to the radiators being disposed at a lower level than thecorresponding portion of the flow pipe, the said portions of the flowand return pipes being arranged at a lower level than the radiators, andcross-over connections between the bottom of the said portion of theflow pipe and the said portion of the return pipe in advance of theradiator connections, that end of the flow pipe remote from the boilerbeing extended downwardly and attached to the return pipe beyond theradiator connections, and that end of the return pipe remote from theboiler being extended upwardly and attached to the bottom of the flowpipe beyond the radiator connections. In testimony that I claim theforegoing as my own, I have hereto affixed my signature in the presenceof two Witnesses.

. ADOLF Gr. STAPEL. l/Vitnesses FREDRIQK Ansrnno, WALTER AUsrnLD.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressingthe Commissioner of Iatents,

Washington, D. C."

